The challenges in teh quality control in mammography includes the use of phantom that accurately simulate the physical characteristics of the breast tissues besides their similar dosimetric characteristics. This study focused on the fabrication of several types of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) gel materials as phantoms to simulate the physical and dosimetric characteristics of the breast tissue for mammography. Several PVAL gel materials were fabricated by using different fabrication methods. The comupted tomography (CT) numbers and relative density of the PVAL gel materials were measured and compared to water and breast tissue. The percentage of elemental compositions and effective atomic numbers of the PVAL gel materials were also measured. The mean glandular dose in mammography imaging were measured in all PVAL gel phantoms. The results indicated that the CT number, relative density and effective atomic numbers of the PVAL gel materials were close to the value of breast tissue. The addition of ethanol produsec PVAL gel material with closer CT number, density and effective atomic number to young breast tissue. The measurement of men glandular dose also showed good agreement in PVAL-Ethanol gel material to the dose range measured in breast phantom and patients undergoing mammography. The overall results indicated the potential use of the PVAL gel materials to be fabricated as phantoms for the quality control works in mammography.