Abstract :
TEO Chai Ting1,a,*, NURUL AKMAR Che Zaudin1,b
1Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan
aalissateochaiting@yahoo.com, bakmar@umk.edu.my
Abstract. The research aims to formulate a nanoemulsion incorporating Piper betle essential oil and to characterize its enhanced delivery and stability. This study formulated a nanoemulsion using a low-energy emulsification method, with the essential oil of Piper betle extracted through steam distillation to preserve its active compounds. Key parameters including visual inspection, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and pH were assessed to evaluate the stability of the nanoemulsion over 30 days. The nanoemulsion exhibited droplet sizes ranging from 10 to 25 nm, with no noticeable changes in odor, color, or phase separation. The PDI values ranged from 0.15 to 0.203, while the zeta potential ranged from -5.0 to -17 mV, indicating good physical stability. The pH remained within a safe range (5.8 to 6.0), suitable for topical applications. Based on these results, the Piper betle nanoemulsion shows promise for formulations made from natural ingredients.
Keywords: Nanoemulsion, Piper betle essential oil, Low- energy emulsification, Droplet size, Physical stability |
