Meyla suhendra^1,5, Berry Juliandi¹, huda Shalahudin ddarusman^2,3, Siti Sadiah^2,4, Fitmawati⁵, Sri Budiarti¹, Puji Rianti^1,3

¹Program of Animal Bioscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University. Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.
²School of Veterinary Medicie and Biomedis, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
³Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
⁴Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor-16680, West Java, Indonesia.
⁵Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University, Riau, Indonesia.

Abstract. Phanera semibifida is a forest plant utilized by the Lingga Malay ethnic group for traditional medicine due to its bioactive metabolites. This study investigated the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of P. semibifida stem and leaf extracts. Samples were extracted using 96% ethanol, analyzed via LC-MS/MS, evaluated for antioxidant potential using the DPPH assay and antidiabetic potensial using alpha-glukosidase assay. LC-MS/MS identified 26 compounds in the stem extract and 24 in the leaf extract, comprising carboxylic acids, flavonoids, phenolics, polyphenols, terpenoids, tricarboxylic acids, and humulonoids, with carboxylic acids as the dominant group. Notable compounds, such as quercetin-3'-glucuronide and glucogallin, were exclusive to the stem, while salicylic acid was unique to the leaf. The stem extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50: 9.091 ppm), and inhibitory alpha glukosidase activity (IC50: 56.124 ppm) highlighting its potential for therapeutic applications linked to its flavonoid content.

Keywords: Phanera semibifida, Antioxidant, phytochemical, flavonoid, LC-MS/MS analysis.